The African National Congress (ANC) formerly South African Native National Congress was formed in January 1912 in Bloemfontein under the leadership of John Langalibalele Dube.

The Democratic Alliance (DA) is the official opposition party in South Africa. It’s created in June 2000 through the amalgamation of many parties and movements that came together over the years and united around the vision of “one nation with one future built on freedom, fairness, opportunity and diversity for all South Africans.”

The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) was founded in July 2013 by Julius Malema. Malema was a former ANC Youth League president when he was expelled from the ANC ruling party.

The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) draws its support largely from Zulu-speaking South Africans with its strongholds being the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal and migrant workers’ hostels in the metropolitan areas of Gauteng.

The Freedom Front Freedom Front Plus (FF+) was formed in 1993 by General Constand Viljoen, a former Chief of the South African Defence Force (SADF).

The African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) was formed in December 1993 with the aim of representing South African Christians in parliament.

The National Freedom Party (NFP) was officially launched by former Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) Chairperson Zanele kaMagwaza-Msibi in February 2011.

The African Transformation Movement (ATM) was created in 2018 with the backing of the South African Council of Messianic Churches in Christ (SACMCC), which together are supported by millions of congregants.